Foot Detox Blog

So, that’s the three most common tendon problems around the ankle that I see.  Does anybody have any questions about that?  Yes, sir?

[44:03]

He asked what we think about the rocker sole shoe.  In general, I like them for some specific problems.  For people with ankle arthritis where they’ve had arthritis in the middle of the foot or anything that decreases the up and down motion of your foot.  Having a rocker sole helps you substitute for the motion that you’ve lost.  In those situations, it’s very useful.

They got marketed a lot, the Skechers was the real popular brand initially, and it had a pretty severe rocker.  So, they marketed it quite a bit, and did you ever try them on?  Of the Skechers?  So, the thing about the Skechers is the middle part of it was really soft and squishy.  So, some people like having that extra cushion.  In the hospital, for a while, it seems like the nurses go through different fads because they’re on their feet all the time.  So, they were pretty popular for a while, just for people with heel pain, and I think it worked for some people.

The reason they got into trouble, they took them off the market, was they were promoting them as a way to lose weight and change the tone of your legs and doing these things that I’m not sure people agree with.  So, they pulled it off the market, but just the concept of rocker sole is very helpful.  If you go to a shoe store, you’ll find a lot of different brands had those rocker soles.  So, you can still find them, and they’re pretty popular for a lot of different problems.

Yes, ma’am?

[46:08]

No, I don’t think so.  I think probably the only place where it may be harmful is if you have balance problems.  You probably don’t want a real severe rocker.  So, just a little bit in the front and the back is okay, but otherwise, just a little bit in the front and the back is okay.

Yes?

[46:30]

Clogs?  I think they’re comfortable.  They’re fine.  In a simple way, I had a teacher one time, when people come in with sore feet, tell them to go walk a lot and get your feet really sore.   Then, go try on shoes.  So, you find what’s comfortable on your feet, but the clogs are, in the open back sense, really helpful for Achilles tendon.

Yes, ma’am?

[47:03]

Again, I think if they’re comfortable, they’re fine. I think the problem with the whole barefoot running craze and everything is it came out of this book that this guy wrote about barefoot running.  These people live in the mountains, and they run barefoot their entire life.  So, they’re adapted to it so if someone like me decided to take up running, I’d been wearing shoes for the last 50 years.  If I start running barefoot, my feet are probably going to hurt.  So, I think the whole theory is if you’re barefoot, you use all the intrinsic muscles of your foot, and it helps maintain the general alignment of your foot because you’re working all those muscles.  I think, in general, a good supportive shoe is probably good.  I would enter into the barefoot part with some caution.

Yes?

[48:20]

Most of the studies, as long as the baby is otherwise normal, putting them in an arch support is not going to give them an arch if they weren’t going to have an arch to begin with. As far as wearing shoes, I think you put them in shoes when they start walking just to protect their feet so they don’t step on things, but I’m not sure if I’m answer your question all way.

[49:04]

I think there might be one, but realistically speaking, we live in a society that wears shoes.  So, kids are probably going to wear shoes at some point.

Yes, ma’am?

[49:37]

For posterior tibial reconstruction?  Usually for the first six to eight week, you’re in some type of boot, and you’re really not putting much weight on it.  So, the first two months is probably the toughest.  After the second month, you start putting weight on it.  Hopefully, by the third month, you’re putting a shoe on, and then, most people that have it are usually adults so they work.

Your biggest restriction is in the first couple of months.  Depending on what your job is, I mean if you’re in a job where you’re in an office and you sit all the time, it’s not a big deal.  If you’re a nurse or you work on an assembly line where you’re on your feet for 10 or 12 hours a day, it could be four to six months before you’re ready to do anything like that.  Usually, you’re pretty functional and starting to get in a shoe by 2.5 to three months, and hopefully, you’re crutches and cane are gone by three months.  The only other point and I don’t to scare anybody away if you’re thinking of having surgery, but it takes a while to get used to the realignment of your foot.  Usually, what I tell my patients is you’re going to change the realignment of your foot, and the whole goal of the surgery is keep the deformity from getting any worse.

Second, it takes a while when you realign those bones.  Your bones have realigned over time, and it took you a while to get there.  After you change the alignment to go all the way back, but I usually use my wife’s grandmother as an example.  She had a terrible flatfeet.  I remember, I’ve been married 20 years now, but back when I was dating my wife and I was doing my training, she said, “Come look at my grandma.  She had bad flatfeet, and I ought to get it fixed.”  She’s had knee replacements, and she didn’t want to go in.  Well, she’s still alive.  She’s 90 years old now, and she can’t walk because her feet have completely come off her legs.  So, the deformities do tend to get worse if you don’t do anything about them.

So, in the greater scheme of things, you have to think.  People’s life expectancy and the length of time they’re staying active.  You can’t really just say, “You’re 68 years old.  You’re probably going to die in a year or two, and you don’t have to bother with it.” People are living much longer, and they’re much more active.  So, you want to try and make your activities pleasant.

Yes?  You, back there.

[52:45]

Plantar fasciitis is pain on the bottom of the heel as the surface is hitting the floor.  If I knew that cause I probably wouldn’t have to be here.  I would be rich.  I wouldn’t need to be working anymore.  The cause is the plantar fascia is not a tendon, but it’s a soft tissue.  It attaches on the bottom of your heel.  The plantar fascia attaches right there on the bottom of your heel.  So, there’s your Achilles tendon where it goes in, and the plantar fascia’s right there.  The plantar fascia also helps support your arch.

Again, the most common presentation is in middle age.  That attachment where it attaches to the heel start wearing out, and it starts breaking down.  I don’t have an answer as to why it’s so painful, but it’s painful if you have it.  The thing you have to keep telling yourself is that it naturally goes away.  Most of the treatments that you’re doing is to treat the symptoms until it goes away.  So, you have to be careful with the treatments that you use.  You don’t want to be the guy to get surgery on it, and then, you’re worse off than you were before.

You have to be a little careful with the cortisone shots. The studies that have been done on the cortisone injection shoes that it gives you a little bit of short-term relief.  It doesn’t change the time it takes to get over it.  So, the study that I quote to people is that the treatment is symptomatic.  So, you take Motrin® or Tylenol® for pain.  You use some type of cushion or arch in your shoe.  If you’re stretching, physical therapy is helpful because of the ultrasound.  Occasionally, people will try out night splints which keeps you stretched out at night.  If you do all that, the natural history is that 95% of people get over it within 11 months.  Now, 11 months is a long time.

[55:15]

It’s okay to have some pain when you’re doing things. You shouldn’t be miserable the next day.  So, to try and push through the pain, it’s probably okay, but I don’t think you want to push yourself to where you can’t do your normal activity.  The other part of stretching though that other people have shown makes a big difference when you go to a therapist.  Usually they have you stretching your calves, doing this. The other thing you need to do is, can I demonstrate on you?

Keep your foot up there.  Take your foot and put it on your knee.  Take your foot there, and then you grab your toes.  Then, you pull all your toes up so you’re really stretching the arch on your foot.  Then, you can take an ice cube or some type of ice massage and massage it there.  That’s been shown to make a difference better than just regular stretching.

[56:13]

Yeah. I think what you find with a lot of these tendon problems and massages and different types of physical therapy is that it just increases blood flow, and increase in the blood flow is good.

Yes?

[56:30]

Probably not, but I usually try and get people to do, if you’re a runner, try to get you to cross train on an elliptical or a rowing machine or something where you’re not doing impact.  So, it’s good to cross train a little bit.

Yes, ma’am?

[57:12]

Shin splints is a real generic term like back pain.  So, shin splint, one of the things that you want to make sure is that you don’t have stress fracture.  If you have that pain on the front of your leg, it probably warrants getting an X-ray and making sure you don’t have a stress fracture.  The causes of it, of posterior tibial tendonitis, we talked about it.  Sometimes, that’s the cause of it.  Sometimes, you get inflammation of the covering of the bone.  This is called periostitis.  It’s usually related to activity, and again, it seems like the people who complain about that the most are people who are big runners.

So, again, when you’re rehabbing them, the surface they’re running on, you might change their shoes.  People use elastic sleeves.  Get them to swim or bike or do other things so you don’t have the same pounding, but it’s generally an overuse syndrome.

You’re probably on crutches for four to six weeks.  Hopefully, back in the shoe by two to three months.  For all the Achilles tendon surgery, we have a regimented protocol where each week they give you a little bit more to do.  On the first couple of weeks, you might be on a stationary bike, and you build up.  Usually, by 2.5 to 3 months, you can do light jogging on a treatdmill.

Yes, ma’am?

[58:50]

She asked what happens if a tendon tears and winds up in your calf.  How can you get along without it because that’s what happened to my leg? It was a sharp pain, and there was a knot in my calf.  I went to a chiropractor and he said it broke down there, and it just rolled up.  I never did anything.  It just went away.  So, what happened to that tendon?  How can I get along without it?

Don’t eating anything tonight.  I’ll meet you tomorrow, and we’ll fix it.  So, people can walk without an Achilles tendon.  Where you would feel it the most is in fast walking.  If you do any type of sports or jumping things.  You probably notice that you can walk okay, but it definitely changed the way you walk.  Would that be true enough? Is one calf a little bit smaller than the other?

One of the great things is you can see how shoe styles have changed.  One of the best things for me is these open back shoes.  When I first went into medicine, nobody wore those.  They were odd clogs, and nobody wore them.  Now, they’re all over the place, and if you have this problem, you can get a varying heel height.  You can get an open back shoe that doesn’t rub on the area, and a lot of times, that will give you symptomatic relief.

We use cortisone injections for a lot of different things.  This is definitely one where you do not want a cortisone injection in your Achilles tendon.  It increases the chance of rupturing the tendon.  So, stay awake from injections.  I had two people come in last month that had cortisone injection in there, and they ruptured them.  So, cortisone wipes out the inflammatory response, and whatever healing response that you have is wiped out.  Then, it also weakens the tendon.  Cortisone injection is okay for painful joints like the knee joint if you have arthritis in your knee.  A lot people will get them in their shoulders, but you need to use them judiciously.

So, we don’t need to get too into the classification, but what we’re saying about tendon is here’s normal tendon as it attaches on to your heel.  Sometimes, it can be involved in the mid portion of your tendon.  The tendon can just degenerate, and what I usually tell patients it’s like a rope that starts fraying.  When you think of a rope, when it starts fraying, it gets wider.  That’s what happens to the tendon.  You have these longitudinal fibers in the tendon, and as they get inflamed and start breaking down, they usually get wider.  That’s what you feel when you feel the nodules or the bumps in your tendon.

There’s an area of the tendon that has a poorer vascular supply, and it’s right here, usually about an inch to two inches above your heel.  That area doesn’t repair itself well, and you see this.  People get tendon problems in their middle age, and there’s several tendons in the body that tend to fail.  It tends to be in areas where the tendon doesn’t have a good blood supply.  So, all our tissues need nourishment from the blood.  When they get as good a blood supply or nourishment, they don’t repair themselves as well. Again, this is 2 to 6 centimeters above the heel.  There’s fewer blood vessels so there’s less capacity for it to heal.  Again, people with tendinosis tends to be the up in the tendon.  They tend to be runners, oftentimes, with a gradual onset.  They’re tender throughout the length of the tendon.

Usually, we don’t need a lot of diagnostic studies.  The MRI doesn’t give me a lot of information.  As long as the tendon is working doesn’t give me a lot of information on how to treat it.  The MRI, they’re very sensitive, and it will tell you the full extent of the involvement of the tendon.  Usually, the MRI will make the tendon look much worse than what it is.  So, you have to be careful with what you take away from it because it’s such a sensitive test that it makes the condition look worse than it probably really is.

The surgery for it is just debriding the bad part of the tendon.  In a nutshell, the more that you take out, sometimes you have to reconstruct the tendon defect that is created by taking out the bad tendon.  We easily do a longitudinal section and remove what looks bad and repair the rest.  Occasionally, we’ll take another tendon from the area to reconstruct it or reinforce it.  This is an MRI, and it shows you some of the diseased tendon.  Then, this is looking at it in surgery.  You see the tendon here.  We made an incision along the medial side of the tendon, and you cut the bad portion of the tendon.  If you take out more than 50% of the tendon, we usually reconstruct it with something.  If we take out less than 50%, we can usually just sow it up.

Surgical recovery is similar to Achilles tendon rupture.  If you don’t have to take out more than 50% of the tendon, usually recovery is a little bit faster than a rupture.  We usually have you in one of those protective boot and open-back shoe for about 3 months.  Then, usually, it takes you about 8 to 12 months to really get all your strength back.  The worse part of the surgery is the first 2 months.  You’re kind of limping around for the first 2 months.  After that, from month two up to a year, you’re basically just gaining strength.  For people who run or do heavy exercise, usually you’re back to jogging around 2.5, 3 months, but you’re not up to the point where if you’re a 10-mile runner, you’re not doing that for a good 8 to 12 months.

So, the treatment that’s in between the newer, we’ve been doing a study on it, is this stuff called PRP.  PRP is platelet rich plasma.  Basically, the appealing thing about is it’s your own tissue so you don’t have to get anything from anybody else.  Basically, they draw blood from you as if you were doing routing blood work.  You take your blood, and you put it in one of these centrifuges.  The centrifuge spins it down, and it isolates the platelets.  The platelets are cells in your blood, and the way it works is there’s a lot of growth factors inside the platelets.  So, we take that concentrated part that concentrates down to about 3 to 4 cc, and we inject it directly into the tendon.  So, you’re putting the growth factors on the bad part of the tendon trying to incite the healing response with the growth factors, and the tendon will somewhat repair itself.

We think that it works well.  Platelet rich plasma has been used well in a lot of the areas of the body and in a lot of soft tissue and places that haven’t typically healed well.  So far, our results have been pretty good, and out of all the people that we’ve done, we haven’t done surgery on any of them.  So, it has prevented people from taking the step to saving surgery.  Obviously, the advantage of this is there is essentially no recovery time.  So, you come in.  We usually do them on Fridays, and you put ice on it over the weekend.  Then, the next week, you’re walking on it again, and you can go back to your regular exercise program.  So, I usually tell people this is something that’s very low risk, and probably the worst-case scenario is it doesn’t work.  There’s really no risk of getting any infection.  You don’t have any implant on your body or anything like that.  So, oftentimes, it helps and gets them to the point where they don’t need surgery.

Platelet rich plasma is still investigational.  Again, very low risk, very limited recovery time.  So, you don’t really have to stay off work or anything like that.  This is generally not covered by insurance, but the nice thing about it is that it’s not very expensive.  So, again, it’s probably less expensive than buying a pair of orthotics.

Any questions about Achilles tendonitis?  Yes, ma’am?

[38:09]

What else have we used the PRP for?  When it first came out in orthopedics, they used in fractures that didn’t heal, but it’s been used extensively in rotator cuff surgery because rotator cuffs are typically a tendon that is necessary.  So, usually you don’t want to cut the tendon out, and it’s one that has a very poor blood supply.  In rotator cuff surgery, in general, it’s very hard to get the tendon to heal.  Sometimes your symptoms will go away, but what my shoulder partners work on is trying to figure out better ways to make the tendon heal.  So, it’s used more extensively there.

It’s been used now, when people are injecting, in tennis elbow, in soft tissue tendons.  The other big application of it that people were putting it in knee replacements, trying to decrease the blood loss, and those are probably the biggest orthopedic applications of it, but really, anywhere that you do surgery.  Plastic surgery uses it, too, where you’re trying to get soft tissue tendon or some type of soft tissue to try and heal.  A lot of people have used it to augment the healing.

Now, the peroneal tendon, this is the last one.  So, if everybody could try to stay awake, we will wrap it up in about five minutes.  The peroneal tendons are on the other side of your ankle. This is a picture showing the peroneal tendon tear.  So, this is the lateral of the outside of the ankle.  So, this is the ankle up here.  The foot’s over here, and this, right here, is your ankle bone or what you feel on the outside of your ankle.  The tendons are right behind.  There’s two tendons right behind your ankle, and these tendons, when you have trouble them, they do one of two things.  They either tear, which is more common in middle aged people, or sometimes you can have a sprain, and they pop out of their sheath.  So, you can have a click over the fibula.  So, that’s a popular thing.  It happens a lot of teenagers.  They drive their parents crazy by popping their knee.  You see them moving it back and forth over the tendon.

Again, the more common thing we is the middle aged people with the tendon tear.  Usually, the pain is behind the lateral side or your ankle bone.  In the first part, we spoke about flatfeet.  One of the more common alignment things that you see is people with this side of the ankle tend to have a really high arch.  So, they have a really high arch and walk on the outside of your foot.  You’re more likely to get ankle sprains and these tendon tears like this.

This shows the two tendons.  This is your ankle bone here, and the peroneus brevis is the one in the front, and the peroneus longus is the long one behind it.  So, in the subluxation where the tendons dislocate over the bone, it’s usually younger people.  It’s usually a traumatic event, and it’s usually the peroneus longus.

So, in the tendinosis where you get tendonitis or the tendon starts to tear, usually what we try to do, as with a lot of things, is change the alignment of the foot.  So, you can put a lateral heel wedge in. Usually, there’s physical therapy.  The reason we use so much physical therapy on these tendon problems is that it helps mobilize the foot, but the physical therapists have a lot of modalities like ultrasound, heat and cold, and all these things that will often calm down the inflammation of the tendon.  Oftentimes, if you get the inflammation to go away, your blood or your symptoms will go away.  So, we use a lot of physical therapy and bracing it so that when you do physical activity, you’re not stressing the tendon too much.

In the treatment of the dislocated peroneal tendons, usually there’s not a lot that you can do to fix that.  I don’t know if any of you are baseball fans, but back when the Red Sox were in the World Series and Curt Schilling had his ankle hurt and they took him over to the guys at Harvard.  They put a big stich right through and his tendon.  He had this dislocating peroneal tendons.  They did that so he would make it through the World Series, and stop the popping.  When the World Series was over, they went in and fixed it.  So, that’s usually a surgical problem.  There’s really not much you can do to make the tendon stop snapping other than fixing it with surgery.

The other thing we do with the peroneal tendon tears is most them, if you catch them earlier, you can repair them.  For the ones that are far gone, since there’s two tendons there, you can repair it to the one next to it.  So, this is one of the conditions in foot and ankle where an MRI is very helpful.  So, for pain on the outside of your ankle, sometimes an MRI can help you, and it can make the diagnosis of these tears and makes your decision making a little bit easier.

There is surgery for it.  Oftentimes, before you get to the surgery, the take-home point or the most important thing to do is maintain the flexibility of your foot.  Usually when I see people in stage 2, I tell them it’s important to keep the range of motion of your foot.  If you can keep the flexibility of your foot, then it’s easy to put a brace or arch support in, and a lot of times, your symptoms will be okay.  You start getting a lot of symptoms as your foot collapses, and you start getting a foot deformity where you cannot bring your foot back into the normal alignment for you to walk on it. Usually, as you start getting stiffer, you have more symptoms.  So, in stage 2, one of the first things I do with people is send them to physical therapy.  Physical therapy works hard on their range of motion, trying to get their flexibility back.

Then, depending on how their symptoms respond to that and some do not really want to wear brace long term, there is surgery to reconstruct the tendon. There’s different kinds of surgery, and I’m not going to go into too much detail as to what the surgery is.  The part of the surgery that people have to realize is that it’s not just a surgery where you go in and get fixed, and a week later you’re good.  It’s a surgery that reconstructs your arch.  For me, this is like doing a knee replacement or a hip replacement.  It’s a surgery that you come in the hospital for.  Usually, people stay in the hospital one night, and there is a recovery time involved with it.

You can either try to preserve the joint or preserve the motion in the joint where we do osteotomy where you cut some of the bones and re-align them.  Then, you fix and repair the tendon, and you transfer another tendon to augment it.  That generally works pretty well in younger people who have flexible feet.

As you get stiffer, if the foot is not passibly correctible, we start getting our correction by fusing some of the joints.  So, we’ll go in through the joints, put the bones back where they belong, usually put some screws in to hold it.  Then, we’ll let those joints fuse.  Your foot’s straight, still works where it up and down, but you lose some of the side-to-side motion.  So, we do those in people that become stiff and can’t get their motion back.

This is just an example of one of the ones with the osteotomy.  So, this shows, in the X-ray, the medial column of the foot’s been stabilized with some screws.  Then, we cut the heel bone, shifted it over, and fixed that with some screws.  Again, what you’re doing is re-aligning the arch, and what you can’t see is what we did with the tendon.  The tendon, we fixed, which is right along here.  It attaches on this bone, and once you make a new tendon, the soft tissues will help support the arch.

Then, in the fusions, you see a bunch of screws in this, but basically, we go through these joints.  The joints had collapsed through the subtalar joint, talonavicular joint.  Once those collapse, you go in through the joints, you bring the heel back under the talus and line up the medial column.  You scrape the joints out, you put screws in them, and it stays straight.  That’s a good way for correcting deformity.  You do lose a little bit of the side-to-side motion of your foot.

So, that’s flatfoot or posterior tibial disease in a nutshell.  Does anybody have any questions about that?  Yes?

[18:16]

I think it’s really important to keep your calves well-stretched out.  So, when you go walking or work out or things like that, every day you should work out your calves.  Certain people are more prone to it, people who have a lot of ligamentous laxity. Maintaining the side-to-side range of motion in your feet is important.  There’s not a lot of evidence to show that arch support makes a difference or prevents it, but I don’t know that that means they don’t work.  I just think we haven’t done the study well enough or you need a lot of people to show these make a difference, but arch supports intuitively help.  Probably the most important thing is keeping the mobility of your foot, supporting your arch, stretching the calves out, keeping your weight down helps.  Some people, again, there is a genetic component to it.  When you see patients, it’s amazing.  You’ll see people who have arthritis in their shoulders, hips, and knees, and they’re just genetically predisposed.  I think that’s the same way with tendons.  It’s really common to see both shoulders done, or they get this on both sides.  So, I think there’s a little bit of a genetic component that you really can’t change much.

Did you have a question over there?

[19:58]

I think it’s very common.  I think it’s oftentimes undiagnosed so we see it’s much more common in women.  Usually, the typical age is probably 50 to 65, and typically, a lot of people just have a swollen ankle that hurts.  I see people who have had sorts of testing.  I’ll see people tested for blood clots.  They get nerve test.  They get tested for all sorts of things, and I usually don’t see them.  I usually don’t see them until they start developing a deformity, but it’s diagnosed usually by a physical exam.  Again, it presents in the middle age and is much more common in women.

Yes?

[20:57]

No, venous insufficiency just relates to the blood flow out of the feet, and it doesn’t really have much to do with the ligaments or the bones or the musculoskeletal problem.  That’s more of a vascular problem, but that’s a really common of swelling around the ankles.  I think a lot of times people present with a lot of swelling around the ankles, and people say just that.  They say you have varicose veins or bad circulation in their legs, and there’s not much to do for it.  Usually, that doesn’t hurt a lot.  If you have pain that you can localize to one part of your foot that should tip you off that it’s more than venous insufficiency.  Now, you can have both.

Yes?

[21:56]

I think it contributes to your balance.  It’s kind of like the chicken or the egg. I think when you have this, you don’t have as good a balance.

Yes?

[22:15]

I don’t know that they’re really preventative.  I think they can make the condition not affect you as much, but again, I think there are some genetic factors and factors that have to do with the structure of your foot that make you more prone to get tendon failures. Just like people with fair skin are more like to get a sunburn, there’s people that have tendons and the way that they’re foot is that they’re more likely to have this.

Yes?

[22:57]

It depends on what operation you have so usually I tell people, “My main goal in your surgery is to have your foot straight, have it fit in a shoe, have you off pain medicine, and if you need an arch support, it’s just one of the over-the-counter ones like Dr. Scholl’s.”  Those are usually my goals of the surgery, but generally, especially if you do the fusion, you take away some of the side-to-side motion of your foot.  Some people don’t notice is that much because by the time they get the surgery, they’ve already lost that motion.  So, what you’re doing is you’re restoring the alignment of their foot, and if you differentiate the foot from ankle, what you’re trying to do is line the foot up in the best possible mechanical alignment so your ankle joint doesn’t wear out.

Another application I see fairly commonly is people who have knee replacements.  If you have knock knees, you bend like this for a long time, and then they replace your knee.  They straighten out your knee, and this puts more stress on your foot.  Sometimes, your foot didn’t really hurt before, but now it hurts because the alignment in your knee is different.  The emphasis is restoring the alignment so that it’s in the best mechanical position so that it will last the longest.

Yes?

[24:43]

So, the question was, “If the tendon is injured does it ever go back to normal?”  I think there’s two ways to look at it.  If you’re young and you have a normal foot and you have an injury, oftentimes, that may calm.  If the tendon stretches out and degenerates, usually no matter what you do, the tendon is not going to heal.  So, every once in a while I get someone who’s younger and has an acute injury and you diagnose a posterior tibial tear.  Even in those cases, you rarely just repair it.  You usually augment it with something.

Yes, sir?

[25:45]

He asked if you see the condition in runners.  It’s probably not as much.  It’s much more common in the sedentary, middle aged females, but runners can certainly get tendonitis of their posterior tibial tendon.  Again, runners, depending on how serious they are, they will usually do stretching, keep their feet mobile, and you can usually get it to calm down with arch support.

Okay, so we’ll go on to Achilles tendinosis.  Everybody knows where your Achilles tendon is?  It’s on the back of your ankle and inserts on the back of your heel.  There’s two areas that get involved.  One is where the Achilles attaches to your heel bone or your calcaneus.  That’s, by far, the most common type of tendinopathy.  The other one is up in the mid portion of the tendon.  That is more commonly seen in the active people.  That’s more common in the runners.

The nice thing about the foot and ankle is that it’s very superficial and it’s right under the skin.  Usually, if you know the anatomy and you can poke around and figure out what hurts, you can usually figure out what the problem is.  Again, it’s usually tender where it attached to the bone.  Oftentimes, this is not one where you need an MRI scan.  Usually, you just get a plain X-ray, and the most you’ll on an X-ray is the heel bone here.  You’ll see calcification going up into the tendon bone.  That’s typically what people refer to as a bone spur.  What a bone spur really is it’s where the tendon attaches to the bone, you have these microinjuries.  It’s wearing out, and your body’s trying to make it heal.  As your tries to heal it, it lays down calcium, and you get the bony overgrowth or what you feel is a spur.

A lot of times, what you’ll actually feel on your heel is soft tissue swelling.  You could really have a big bump on the back of your heel, and you’d think it’s all this bony spur.  Usually, it’s just soft tissue, and the spur usually isn’t that big.

So, in this, again, most of these first approaches is non-surgical.  So, we do a lot of physical therapy with the foot.  You want to modify what your activities are.  Usually, any anti-inflammatories like Motrin® or Aleve®.  Putting a heel lift into your shoe changes the movement of the muscle so sometimes that will relieve some pain.  For people who a bump on their heel, it raises your foot up in the show so the back of the shoe just hits you in a different spot.  Sometimes that will give you relief, but we do a lot of stretching.  You can get a pad, these gel pads, you can buy that.  It’s like a sock with a little gel sock in it.  You pull it on, and it has padding on the back of your heel so that your shoe doesn’t rub against it.

My name is Rick Laughlin, and I work in orthopedic surgery.  I’m on the faculty of the medical school, and our practice is spread out throughout the city.  Most our hospital work is in Miami Valley Hospital downtown.

Just to give you a little bit of the history of the building, the medical school here’s been for around 30 years, and they used to have a practice planned out here in the building that’s become the new medical school.  That’s that white building, or some of you may have read the paper.  That’s White Hall.  That used to be a practice facility.  So, for a period of time, we didn’t have any place to see outpatients here on campus.  This building’s a product of about seven to eight years of planning, and we’ve had the advantage of learning what we learned from the old building of what worked and what didn’t.  I think the exciting thing about this building is we have merged together several departments so we can provide a lot of services.  The genesis of much of it was driven by the athletic training department.

The athletic trainers needed much more space so we were able to combine our rehab facilities and physical therapy with the athletic trainers’.  So, that’s on the first floor, and we think we’ll be able to provide a great service in rehab for the same people that are rehabbing the varsity athletes will be working on our patient population.  We think we can all learn quite a bit from each other.

We moved into the building last July.  As we’ve gotten in and figured out where everything is, we’re going to start some educational sessions that we could present to the community.  This is the first one of these presentations.  We hope to do this on a regular basis and provide educational material to the surrounding community.   I really appreciate you all coming out and welcome.  The presentation is a general presentation, and if any of you have any questions, certainly feel free to ask them along the way.  So, we’ll get started.

We’re going to talk about just a few things that are very common problems in the foot and ankle.  My practice focuses on foot and ankle reconstruction, and there’s a lot of problems.  I think when people think of foot and ankle problems, you easily focus on the toes.  Everybody knows about bunions and hammertoes and things like that, but there’s a lot of problems around the back part of the foot or around the ankle that oftentimes go undiagnosed.  They can be cause for a lot of problems and pain, and a lot of times, people just live with it.  There are things you can do for it that are better.

The things we’re going to talk about tonight are flatfoot (one of the more common problems), Achilles tendon problem, and also peroneal tendon problems.  These are all tendons that cross the ankle.  Oftentimes, a lot of problems in orthopedics and soft tissues start becoming symptomatic around middle age.  Usually around the time that we turn 40, 45, many of our tendons don’t repair themselves as well.  So, get wear and tear problems with some of the tendons, and I’m sure a lot of you have heard about the rotator cuff.  A lot of the arthritis-type problems start becoming more commonly presented at that time.  We’re going to go over some of the tendon problems of the foot.

In flatfoot, there’s a lot of different reasons why people have flatfoot.  Sometimes people are just born with it.  That’s just the way the structure of your bones are.  This is something that comes about quite commonly.  It’s really common in middle-aged women, probably easily 10-to-1, as far as women to men.  The posterior tibial tendon is a tendon that’s right on the inside of the foot.  It goes right around the inside of the ankle.  It’s on the big toe side of the foot, and what it does is helps support your arch.  So, when you walk and the heel hits the ground as you try and walk over your foot and push off, the posterior tibial tendon’s what stabilizes the back of your foot and allows the push off like that.  So, when that tendon fails, your arch starts to collapse.

You can see in the foot here, the foot starts going out to the side.  See, this is the normal foot.  This, you can see is a little bit out to the side, and you can see the lateral toe more.  It’s a physical exam sign, one of the things that we teach the medical students and residents.  That’s called “too many toes sign”.  That means when you look at it from the back, the foot is abducted, and you see all their lateral toes.  It should be more like this guy.  You can barely see the fifth toe.  When you go home tonight, you can look at your husband or your wife.  Look at them from the back and see if they have the right number of toes.

The typical history is oftentimes people may have long standing history of flatfeet.  They’re usually flexible though.  Some people have flatfeet where they’re real stiff, and no matter what you do, you can’t push them back under.  Oftentimes, these are flexible, and usually the pain, again, is on the inside of the ankle.  It’s not something that tends to get better.  Some things in the body have the ability to heal.  This particular tendon, when it fails, it typically doesn’t heal.  It continues to stretch out, and when it stretches out, it’s like a rope that’s got too much slack in it.  If the rope’s got a lot of slack it in, you pull it, and nothing happens.  That’s basically what happens to your foot, and it changes the way you walk.

Oftentimes, people may have a bit of a flatfoot, and they may not have pain.  They may have what seems like a minor sprain (you step off a curb).  It’s like the straw that breaks the camel’s back, and then the tendon fails.  You get swelling around your ankle.  Your arch collapses.  Then, you’ll notice the asymmetric progression.  So, one foot gets more flat than the other.  As you get out of the shower, as you look down at your feet, one is more flat, and the toes go out to the side.

So, physical exam.  Again, we talked about this a little bit before.  See how it heels out to the side?  Usually, you’re tender right on the inside of the big toe side of the foot, right around your ankle.  The other thing that you find is commonly when we examine you, we ask you to raise up on your toes.  As you raise up on your toes, you should see your heel invert, and again, that’s testing the function of that tendon.  Usually, once you get a foot like this, if you notice when this person stands on their left foot, they can’t raise up on their toes independently.  That’s what that tendon does.  So, there’s the heel raise.  Again, you can see, as he goes up, his heels go in a little bit.

So, people who have that, you can see, have their toes to the side.  You can see the big toe on the other side.  So, when that tendon doesn’t work, you get chronic swelling around the ankle.  People notice that they’re weaker as far as with their push-off, and it’s usually an activity-related pain.

Usually all you need is an X-ray.  I think one thing that’s common (and I don’t mean to make this an economics talk) but I know many of you have to start watching how you spend your healthcare money.  This is not a condition that requires MRI.  To get a diagnosis, you just need a physical exam, and MRIs are ordered a lot for a lot of problems.  In the foot and ankle, there’s a few things where they’re helpful, but for the most part, usually, you don’t need an MRI to make a diagnosis.  So, MRIs are extremely helpful in the shoulders and knees and backs, but in foot, they’re not all the helpful in making a diagnosis.  So, if someone orders an MRI of your foot, ask them if you really need it that much, especially if you’re paying for it out of your health savings account.

So, what we look for on the X-ray, you just need an X-ray with you standing.  This is your tibia, here there’s your calcaneus. Then you’re looking at your medial arch.  These bones should all line up pretty well.  You can see on this side the difference is you’ve got a sag.  So, what your posterior tibial tendon does, it comes down here, and it attaches right here to the bone.  So, when it’s not working anymore, these bones start to sag.  Then, you get the deformity.

So, these are just some of the structures that give way to the posterior tibial tendon.  The spring ligament is a ligament on the bottom of the foot that helps support the arch.  Then, the deltoid ligament is the medial ligament of the ankle, and that helps keep the heels centered under the leg.  This is what you get abduction through the forefoot.  The hindfoot valgus, that refers to the angulation of the heel.  The medial side or the big to side is very mobile so you can move it up and down, wherever you want. One of the ways they describe it to the patient is you think of your foot as a three-legged stool. You have three legs.  Your heel is one.  Then, your big toe side is one.  The small toe side is the other.  When one of those legs give out, meaning the medial side, the three-legged stool stars leaning over to the side, and that’s what happens with your foot.

We divide it into stages so it’s a very simple classification.  Stage 1 means there’s no deformity.  It’s just the tendon.  It’s swollen, but your arch hasn’t collapsed yet.  This is where you want to catch people because a lot of times if you get them in some type of brace or arch support that protects the tendon, and then you do some physical therapy.  Over 50%, usually 60-70%, their symptoms will go away, and they may not need anything else done.  So, usually you don’t need surgery at this stage, and honestly, I rarely see people at this stage.  I think usually the just don’t get a diagnosis, and they haven’t noticed any deformities.  They’re either seeing family physician, taking some Motrin®, or doing the simpler thing so oftentimes they don’t see them at this stage.

Stage 2 is when you’re starting to get a deformity, but it’s flexible.  So, you could put a brace on those people, and you can push it back into the alignment it needs to be.  There are lots of different kinds of braces.  That’s just one type of brace.  We can make some of the braces cosmetic so they fit inside your shoe, but when you are wearing a braces, you’re going to have certain shoe restrictions.  These things don’t fit in any type of shoe.  You’re going to wear athletic shoe or walking shoe with it.

Again, for the pain and swelling or the acute phases, we usually help mobilize it with a brace.  Then, you get some type of physical therapy.  The hard thing to explain to people is you do that to take care of the symptoms, but the tendon typically doesn’t heel.  So, if the tendon gets stretched out, it’s not going heel and go back to its normal length and support your arch.  So, what you’re trying to accomplish with the brace is prevent the deformity from getting any worse and to take care of the symptoms or support your tendon enough so the pain goes away.  It won’t typically control your deformity.  When you put the brace on, you’re trying to prevent the tendon from elongating and the arch from collapsing more.

Part L,   had to throw that in.  There is little difference except that they’re synthetic. The proscribed antibiotics that people can buy are alkaloids .Human bodies are  equipped  we hope to deal with alkaloids but  we hope for us  that those synthetic alkaloids  are showing up in tap water everywhere on the  planet because people  don’t metabolize them , they swallow their latest antibiotic and most  of it passes into the  water that then gets recirculated, processed and put back  into the  system . If you are personally exposed too much tap water you can guarantee that there are pharmaceutical substance in your tap water in addition to ambos.

Audience: is GMO in tap water?

JOHN: glyphosate? Very likes. That’s the herbicide that’s definitely apart of the whole GMO scheme.

Audience: and <inaudible>?

JOHN: there are other things e cant haven test for, acrylamide and glyphosate. we can’t take a sample  of tap water and  run it through some kind  of interesting machinery and say its clan no glyphosate , no this , no that , no acrylamide  because we haven’t developed the test yet .

Audience: what kind of water do you drink?

JOHN: I have a distiller at home. That’s boiling, an s I mentioned boiling does good thins o food, boiling is probably one of the most effective ways to cleanse water.

Audience: what would you say about the spring water you can bring bottles to in Sedona?

JOHN: other Arizona wild water tends to be hard, it tends to have a lot of   calcium and magnesium in organic minerals. Also lots of arsenic left over from the gold mining days.  Even if it says spring water is it likely to be really t clean of things going to ingest a human organism.

Audience: what about water filters?

JOHN: some of them work, some of them don’t. Most of them are expensive.

Audience: which would you say is the best one?

JOHN: I haven’t dealt with those in quite a while.

Audience: your suggestion is distilled water?

JOHN: since I got my distiller years ago I’ve just been happy.

Audience: do you then after you distil it replace it with house mineral drops?

JOHN: sometimes. if I have them around, if I get a sample  in the  male  but I don’t have enough  bucks to buy those expensive  mineral replacement so my standard response  is to boil up a gallon of what  I hop is very clean water and add  a few pinches of baking soda.

this was the  firsts action about  dietary choices , hinges that you might be able to do  to  find helpful generating strong efficient Mona layer , the every last section  with the two on it that’s aimed at more specific dietary  supplements . As mentioned wild animals use edible clays, why do they   use edible clays to protect themselves from the lectins and alkaloids in the foods that they already shoos to eat? That’s because most edible   clays have an interesting electro chemical capability. They combine directly with the lectins in real foods, GMO or not, the lectins that tend to steal hormones right out of the heater system. Edible clays can be a valuable addition to someone’s diet if they’re ingested basically at the same time as what might be dangerous, the lectins income food. It’s not that the edible clay will serve as a source of minerals to the consumer the edible clay you hope   will neutralize the dangerous things in whatever that food is. This is the same reason wild animals, I wold birds use clays.

part B is about you personally using pro biotic , this is not always necessary but in my experience  every  one I’ve dealt with has  benefited from using probiotics in either supplement  form  or   liquid  form . Combuscha counts a pro biotic.  Here we get to glutamine which is a   really potent amino acid it’s probably the most versatile amino acid in the human body. At any point in time it’s about 2/3 of the three amino that are circulating in body fluids like blood and the fluids inside the muscle and that sort of thing.  not because your body can on  demand  convert  glutamine  into  10 or 12 other  amino  acids is  just  raja  totally multipurpose and as  that  gentleman mentioned earlier its really helpful to the digestive tracts , it’s really helpful to  muscle too  but the point I want to make up gelutine  as a supplement is  all of  these individual cells , the ones that make up the mono layer

The endothelial cells they can use regular old bold sugar of energy or if they can get it they can use glutamine. T they actually prefer those particular amino acid as a source of energy. Plus once glutamine is available in quantity they can convert it to all kinds of good things.  I recommend  glutamine to athletes all the time   because in all of the  research on endurance  athletes , have you ever heard about over training , how people can  run so much , cycle so much , swim so much that thy  just wear out , they just walk around all the time feeling totally dysfunctional . Fatigues, muscle aches, all the rest of these things. Is suppose it’s and it feels like to be 120 years old.

biochemically what is  the major ingredient  missing for these athletes when they just retrain so  hard burning themselves out and  get to the point where nothing  work , the good will  cut that won’t heal for  6 week s, things like that . The single most common bio marker, measurement of internal chemistry is that their glutamine level is way too low. Ordinarily glutamine like I said is like 3/4 or so roughly of the three amnion acids circulating in body tides. If that drops way down then all of the things that glutamine does or can become they just aren’t happening.  Healing slowed down, sleep doesn’t not become refreshing, and appetite may or may not be there.  Just simply because the indicial is low in glutamine.

Audience: that can also happen with hard physical labour

John:  shovelling snow for two hours yes. The really good news about glutamine is that it converts the butyric acid. I’m not suggesting that you all definitely need glutamine or its twins, this is set. the  three  amino acids that  starts  with GLU , glutamine , game and  glutamic  acids  they are totally inconvertible  . in the  minute  it takes me to snap my fingers you’re body probably converted millions of glutamines into glutamates, into  glutamic acids  or vice versa. Though it’s three it also become butyric acid when there is a lot of them available. It happens that of the three GLU nutritional   yeast contains a lot. How many people like fresh ripe cherry tomatoes picked out of the garden? Those particular fruits are really rich in butyric acid and glutamic acid which is the basic precursor.  If I had to pick a fruit that was really rich in butyric acid t would be sweet, ripe cherry tomatoes.  Unropes font have half a much. Please stay away from unripe fruits.

Audience: what about other kinds of tomatoes?

JOHN: they will have some quite a bit just because their tomatoes. It just happens that cherry tomatoes always have way more. Ripeness is a huge I use so all of the pretend ripe fruits that are out there in supermarkets is a whole scary issue.

Audience: I glutathione the same as glutamine

JOHN: glutathione is not the same. Glutathione is a much more complicated molecule that include a couple of amino acids and some mineral and that kind of thing. it  functions as an antioxidant in the human body  but it is  something  your cells manufacture when they need  , probably the one thing that boost glutathione  production most would be the amino acid known as cysteine , that’s what they call the rate limiter on glutathione  production .   Glutamine, glutamate and glutamic acid are involved but they are not directly part of the molecule.

I think we’ve really covered most of this stuff. The one thing I mention is that omen people do benefit form hat supplement call glucosamine. They will take it for flexibility and anti-arthritis reason and the interesting things about   glucosamine is that it has some of the effects as glutamine. They’re not chemically the same thing but their related enough. glucosamine contains one of these that’s why it ends with “ine” and  it can actually be very soothing to  your mono layer , particularly if you’re forced to  eat a pizza so  you know there is wheat  flour coming in you can take  some glucosamine at the same  tome to protect yourself against the damage from the wheat  flour.

Audience: I notices a little part where you were talking about that especially the vegetables are stewed. In that word in particular is that any different   from normal steaming, stewed, steam, and veggies?

JOHN: the implications form the word stewed are that something has   been brought to a high temperature and left on the stove for a long time. It doesn’t have to be a rapid boil but you do want bubbles coming up but the major factor is time.

Audience: at least 20 minutes

JOHN: that’s not a stew that is a quick soup.    When Margaret mentioned earlier about boiling, there is many virtues to boiling steaming does not have. The actual presence of the water itself implies protection of nutrients and a higher hydrolysis rate.  hydrolysis  is something that’s   the major chemical change wen you expose something to hot water is  that the water attaché  two parts of the food , that’s  hydrolysis and the effects   of that  will be   higher availability  of B vitamins in the food, softening of those tough fibres , the cellulose , the  roughage type stuff release of nutrients that are built into  those tough universe  particulate Caesar sterols  which we already  know have really good effects on cholesterol levels and trygeleceroids  and those kinds of things . Compounds like alpha carotene which is much closer to real vitamin a than beta carotene is. Things just get softer and more digestible. That’s the major virtue of stewing as long drawn out boiling process. with steaming in they can  Actually be a higher temperature than the boiling point , generated just form the proximity y of the    very hot pot lid, there’s no water  emersion so not necessarily everything is   protected by that magical medium we call water.  Steaming in is not necessarily horrible but it’s not as effective as boiling in terms of releasing more nutrients, converting them into forms that are helpful to us.

Audience:  do you drink the water after you boil them in it?

JOHN: you can actually extract the magical essence of things. If you boil them for a long time, without boiling they may actually be quite dangerous. raw  vegetables whether they are GMO air not  we know they are going to be totally contaminated with nasty soil bacteria and according to the results from research  published about a month ago there  is no possible way to  wash all horrible  soil bacteria off of  plants . They have salmonella and coli incorporated right into the tissues of the lettuce or spinach. If you want to sterile your food get rid of the soil bacteria you need to boil it.

Audience: do you do any juicing?

JOHN: not any more. I have but my preferred approach to juicing which was her question is actually stolen from Henry Beetle. I brought this book juts a prop, Food Is Your Best Medicine was shoes production and what we’re kind of talking about today is that food has become our worst enemy. in this  he discusses  Beetle’s  broth amend  after himself of course and what they  are would be  green  vegetable ,  whatever your favourites are and or  onions  just boiled for a long time, seriously stewed  and then when they are really soft blend it .

they’re sterile , their alkaloids and the let ins  that can be denatured  by heat have been soften  to the point that they have reached a soft molecular  structure that  will not et thorough the mono layer and cause  those problems and then the fibres have be softened   as well to release more of the nutrients  the things we call  vitamins , minerals, proteins  and you  have a product that you story in the  fridge and if you get the craving for a drink you can  drink one right out of the fridge .

It won’t have some of the features of a brand new fresh green drink but I have a long list of the dangers in a brand new   fresh green drink too. Many of them actually irritate you endothene. Every brand new fresh drink that you do it might be very stimulating   and has   lots of good things it also has lots of evil doers and potential enzymes.

Audience:    and the liquid that   you have oiled the high exilic acids type vegetables would you use those as well?

JOHN: yes

Audience: even if you just f do them for 20 minutes?

JOHN: I save all the fluids form everything I boil. I save them all and then sues them as soup doc or similar things.

Audience: what about <inaudible> and also I take water and I put it in glass jar would that help to purify the e water?

JOHN: yes, ultra violet light is one of our major destroyer of microbes that might be in tap water or any other source of water.

Audience: would you recommend bowling it and putting it out in the sun?

JOHN: sound like over kill. Boiling and   exposure to sunshine. The earlier part of your question was about the   use of colossal saver. Colossal silver is specifically anti-bacterial of all the species of bacteria that were so far identified, colossal roughly on contact kills 95% of them. That also means that when you swallow a large quantity it will kill many of the friendly bacteria in here. Many of them are not resistant   to silver. if you do use colossal  silver because you have some  kind of a bad bacteria infestation in here subsequent   to the colossal silver treatment  please try to reinstitute some  friendly bacteria and put it back in .

Audience: what about the Silber you put in topical

JOHN:  different question there. It would really function as an antibacterial on your surface tissue.

Audience: do you make your own cabochon

JOHN: no anymore my kitchen is not that big.

Audience: when you did what kind of sugar did you use?

JOHN: I experimented with honey and turbaned sugar. I haven’t grown any cambucha  at home in 10 years just because  I get tired of running out of jars  and trying to donate combucha babies to people . I really appreciate your attention in glad you were here

What can you do if you don’t already have good mono layer function? What can you do? The very first thing I would recommend I eat as much as locally grown, unread, non GMO food as possible. This is not just to be trendy, this is not just to feel like you’re buying over proved stuff. This is for you or internal health. That think Ayer of cell. You’re on cell away from disaster you want to keep that one cell really happy.

The second one and this one is really obvious and a lot of people have already figured this out. If three food groups alone are responsible for 70% of the calories in the United States and in just talking about bleach sugar, bleach flour and bleach veritable oil. Those three group account for 70% of the calories consumed in the United States. We all understand that the foods that get turned into     bleach sugar, bleach flour and bleach virgate oil those are all mom. If you just simply keep those three groups of foods out of your diet that automatically pushes you out of most of the GMO problems.

Audience: what is bleached veritable oil?

John: you walk into the supermarket and every single oil in a bolted is bleached vegetable oil. You don’t want to go online and read the chemical process    involved in producing soil, cornflower oil, sunflower oil, canola oil.  You don’t want to read them, will horrify you?

Audience:  does it need to be 100% organic then? Is that the see to avoid that?

john:  shears asking if its possible to get a  quality vegetable oil at home for any store and the one oil  that I know  is safe and reason clean would be extra virgin olive oil  if it is organic then we  hope that we are then  protected format being GMO .

Audience: is that the only one? The other organic oil isn’t safe?

John: the vegetable  oil is a huge issue but even  when something reads  organize , excel  or pressed   it’s still has gone through some chemical changes that you wold not like if you read about the, the only oil out there that is guaranteed to essentially have a squeeze  applied to the  original  material in this case they all have fruits will be olive oil , extra virgin olive oil . Every other one even if it says something like natural, unprocessed sesame oil there have been some chemical and there things involved that you don’t want to   get involved.

Audience: even olive oil? Even Rd. Alders organic?

JOHN: Part of the coconut oil process is to cut the coconuts in half and pile them in the sun for a week. It turns it into copra and then the copra gets salt to the coconut oil processors. If you think that stacking you coconut in the sun for a week is a good part of the process then. I’m not try-on to tell you that oils are absolutely non nutritious or dangerous or unhelpful. There is no food that we can consume that has no problems. Every food from the cleanest most organic will have pros and cons, every food. It’s a step in your favour if you go to the foods that are processed at least minimally, the least processed processing. That’s a giant step all by itself leaving out all of those commercial steps that were necessary to make a product that can be stored and shipped across the world. They weren’t going to make that more nutritious, they were don’t to make it a better food commodity.

Audience: butter from local dairies, is that an ok fat?

JOHN: if you looked at any of this and the part about butyric acid which got its name from butter. It was the first place it was identified. Butter is a really satisfying nourishing healing foods for human beings.

Audience: and when it’s made into gee too much heat?

JOHN: I’ve never ever used that product I really don’t want to talk about it.  We finished    the front side of the hand out. The last slide in there was stay away from bleach sugar, beach flour and bleach virgate oil. To the best of my knowledge the only fruit oil that you can actually walk into a food store and buy and is not going to have any bleaching chemicals ever used on it would be the olive oil.

Audience: when you say bleached flour do you mean all kinds of flour or wheat flour?

JOHN: 99% of that is wheat flour.

I consider the horrible three to be the bleach sugar, beach flour and bleach virgate oil but there is fourth one because it’s bleached and adulterated as well. It doesn’t have any protein it so you can’t call it GMO but it really ids not helpful and it will tend to disrupt the mineral balances that your mono layer requires.  Do you best to stay away from cheap bleached, adulterated, table salt? The implications there is you really need to stay   out of restaurant because that’s what they use. These are all just tips.

Audience: what does sea salt mean?

JOHN: salt that originally came from the ocean which front then might have been bleached and purified and heated at 1200 degrees Fahrenheit with what they call anti caking agents added to it. Standard sea salt if you see that on the label there is no protection implied for you in that phrase. Most of the easily available in the United States probably is a sea salt but it’s what happens to it after it came out of the ocean.

Audience:  is real salt ok?

JOHN: as far as I can tell it’s one of the best ones out there especially given the price.  The other  artisan  salts, the kellicks and the Himalayan they’re really good and their major virtue is it’s  not purified  sodium chloride  ,lots  of other  chase minerals , no anti caking agents , no bleaches.

Audience: I just want to point out that a geologist friend says all salts is sea salt.

JOHN: you got it.  Part d, the more fermented foods you can eat, and the nippier your mono layer will be. When people talk about healthy guys and they refer to colon functions and the healthy bacteria, the lactobecilian and the other different types the kinds you buy in probiotics capsules. One of the major things these good bacteria do when they are living in your intestinal tract they will take things from the food you ate and ferment. The product of that fermentation you hope is the short change fatty acids you call butyric acids. Butyric acids is one of the most wonderful, viable, nourishing healing substances in his human body. Whether its aspartic acid as beta hyrax bitrate or as the neuro transmitter we call GABA, that gamma amino butyric acid.  Butyric acids in many forms is one of the most healing /nourishing /miraculous substances in the hum body. it happens  that there  is a ton of it in butter which is  why we were discussing  butter virtues , butter is a wonderful stuff I just haven’t eaten any in 40 years . I find other ways to nourish my mono layer. One of those other ways is carob powder surprisingly high in butyric acids.

You can either eat readymade butyric acids in fermented foods, butter, in cabochon, in black tea and oolong tea or you can have your intestinal tracts, small and large intention tracts loaded with the friendly micros the ones we call probiotics because this is one of their major junctions is to generate butyric acids. They generate butyric acids from what we call soluble fibres.   Most of you have heard of the roughage, the fibre that we get from vegetables and fruits. Fibre in plants you would have to say two big classes. There’s the tough insoluble fibre just like those strings in celery and then tree are much order, gooey fibres. There are both fibres but one is called insoluble and that your basic book roughage the other one is called soluble. this is the stuff that is the growth medium for the friendly bacteria , this is  the stuff that gets fermented  into butyric acids , this wonderfully molecule . There is a draw back with getting too much insoluble fibber. The insoluble fibre tends to wash says, just seep them right out of your colon. it tends to wash away the friendly bacteria, the ones that would have used the softer goober stuff to make more butyric acids they will then heal your mono layer, butyric acids as beta hydroxyl butyrate is actually used by your liver for energy, its used by your sidebar for energy, its known woot be something that reverse kidney damage, your brain susses it as mentioned.

Audience: I have a question on that as far as celery goes, if you cook that celery soft does it become soluble?

JOHN: no but it realises some of its nutrients like cetasterol, alpha carotene compounds. It might become slightly more useable but it still even when it gets through it so still tough insoluble cellouse. her point about is it available to  cook these vegetables, to soften these fibres and convert them into  more of a material that will encourage the good bacterial that might then encourage butyric acids production , heal your mono layer? Yeas and boiling is actually the preferred technique there. I tried to cram every possible thing I t took me 20 working hours. I was just trying to put everything possible but it is slight abbreviated.

That was about butyrate which is a term for butyric acids that has mineral combine with it. E, was about the fact that nutritional yeast, that sacrimesis serbicia has a non GMO organise m actually encourages your anti bodies that fight lectin, these creeps listed on the front.

Part F, raw vegetables. at  that point I was talking g about the fact that there are chemicals  in raw vegetables that stifle  good bacteria , that deceive cyanide , that have lots of alkaloids. The good thing about alkali   is as little almost proteins they can be soften by boiling. Here again boiling is the best possible technique for melting the   shape of an alkaloid so it won’t be able to do dangerous things. If you eat your vegetables and I mean actual vegetables cucumbers are fruits, tomatoes are fruits, pumpkin are fruits. If the seeds are on the inside its   fruit. Fruits in general tends to be less dangerous than green vegetables where you’re eating the plan and not something that it created to it hopes and cause a new generation to appear.

G was about avoiding the major algens that we know. It just happens that we’ve already identified which foods tend to give people the most irritation in here, meaning damaging someone mono layer. that  would be posturized  milk , not necessarily  from  any prices made from pasteurized  milk  but the milk itself pasteurized tends to irritate  a lot of people whereas the  same people find that yogurt made  from that  milk is nowhere  near trouble . The other major ones would be wheat flour products and peanuts. Peanuts are scary. If you love peanut butter and get along with peanuts   that’s good for you but 80% of the emergency room visits for sudden food allergy in the United States there are form peanuts. People die of eating peanuts.

Audience: peanuts air all nuts?

JOHN: peanuts, goobers, underground legumes. we’re not talking tree nuts. Part H says stay away from junk food, that’s obvious rough?  This is not just a personal prejudice here. If it’s worth wild stay away from the commercial glutton free concoctions. If you make something at home in your effort to be glutton free great. if you buy something off  the shelf in  an interesting  little box that brags about  being glutton free its goings have so many chemicals in it you won’t be able to read the label .

A point that is made right at the bottom of the page about the enzymes mention at the front, the CYP and FMO enzymes those are mono oxygenises. Their job is to burn off dangerous chemicals. They do that by adding an atom of oxygen to whatever the dangerous chemicals is, the lectin or the alkali that came in from the GMO food. You want to have a lot of oxygen in your system. How do you get oxygen in your system, most of us know the major one that’s to simply keep moving, don’t be a slob. Berating exercises is actually good.

The third one a lot of people overlook. Try not to eat over processed food. Every step in those chemical processes, every stop involved in making bleached sugar, breached flour, bleached oils there is a loss of oxygen. Something that is overpassed, commercially processed is by definition deoxygenated. You want to have lots of oxygen in your system so your mono oxygenise can burn areas the trouble makers, don’t keep stealing the oxygen from them. Stay away from over processed food. I don’t mean you into kitchen stirring up a big pot of spaghetti sauce I mean some large factory where the raw materials have been damaged and then used in interesting ways and then chemicals are added.

Audience: I got a question john, digestive enzymes are they recommended?

JOHN: yes they can be.   You don’t want to rely not them too much. What you really want is a good mono layer so that your body is generating its own.

Audience: so the fermented foods would be a good replacement of digestive enzymes?

JOHN: most people find that as there fermented food intake goes up they really do need fewer supplemental enzymes. Those enzymes never actually match what in the human system the digestive enzymes that we reduce.

You want Part I? I can spin it very quickly I hope. The fagle cider index that is just simply a measurement of how fast your white blood u cells   gobble up germs in your bold stream. We have this interesting locate, some of them called macro faces and that’s their job. When they run across invaders they’re supposed to eat them up and digest them.   we have a measure of how  fast they do that  and  people  at <inaudible> cancer state have actually spent  time bringing human beings into the lab and  feeding them small amounts  of very sweet things , honey , white sugar , fructose , orange juice , apple juice , purified rice flour and then measured  their faglecidic index, they’re white blood cell  activity, prior  to eating and post  eating and they  found that in most people expose use  to even an   ounce  or two a  sweet thing , even the ones we consider  to be good will reduce their white blood cell activity  for up to 8 hours afterwards. You want to just simply improve your ability to resist evil things, whether   they’re germs or GMO alkaloids and lectins. Do you best to stifle consumption of very sweet things?

Alcoholic beverages, if you look at the tinketory representation of the   alcohol molecule it’s almost the same as it is for sucrose, they’re chemically very similar. Is it a surprise then that alcoholic beverages are not particular good for us? I t requires a lot of B vitamins to be metabolized well, can directly irritate your mono layer? No we don’t do that.  The only good news for us is that in beverages that are more popular they tend to be less potent like beer. Most beers are 5% or 6 % alcohol. Wines are 10% -13%. That means there is a lot of water there to dilute the effects.

Part K gets back to Alicia comments   just a while ago. the foods that  are most  easily digested and then  riches in these soluble fibres  that can become butyric acids or these foods hats  are simply already rich in the product of fermentation , the glutamine acids  that’s also becomes  a butyric acids itself , all these fermented foods out  there everything from sour carat to Kim chi they are going to be  either good sources  of butyric acids or easily turned into butyric acids. Get as many fermented food as you can.

This one you might think only applies to pregnant women. It’s a carongatropin. It’s one of those things definitely involved in the development of the foetus but every human being normally has a tiny level of HGC because it’s there to be invited in how cells grow and develop per all of us not just brand new babies.  There is the HGC diets  other than that I really dot have to talk about the point is that it is  something that at very miniscule levels  you do need from normal healthy function to maintain smooth skin for example . Your cells has to replace themselves, grow, specialise in exactly the right ways. These are one of the traits hormone involved in this process as something you eat  where is  its not supplied to and then steals this out of your blood stream you will slowly show the signs.

Audience: the monolayer   have to build themselves in the dark ways and to try and wrap my mind around the one cellular level that biofilm determines. Is it into special foods? Is it in the intestinal tract?

John: this is stationery, this is a layer of immobile cells, part of your tissue. This is her interface of all of the fluids and gasses that circulate ingot subsystem and the rest of yourself tissue.

Audience: some of the supplements, the gluttony in that specifically intestinal healing?

sppeaker1: not specifically

Audience:  you know what I’m saying so I kind of identified the epidural layer with the intestinal tract and because most folks are here to try to find out what they can do dietary.

John: that’s not a bad assumption. Given this time I hope to go through literally every plant on that.  Is there any other questions right now? I suspect that most of the rest of the time, whatever we’re allotted will be about what on the hand-out, me trying to translate it into words you know clearly.  Which   things are in very possible food and you can get away from them and they’re actually pretty dangerous? They are all basically nitrogen compounds, every one of those.  Sometimes is surprise people to hear this but it’s out there in the real world somehow, some way there are about 500 different amino acids.  We only use 24 of them in our normal body functions bit the rest of them are out there.  If you ever heard about EDTA and elation?  That’s an amino acid there are many available. The ones we use are called alpha amino acids, that just a structural thing referring to how their little bits are <inaudible> but then part b matches things that are almost amino acids. They’re just assembled a little bit   differently. As I pointed out earlier we have names for attest 12000 of them. There is no vegetation, no plant food that I can think of that does not contain some alkaloids, and it’s given, all plants have to protect themselves from herbivores. Lectins, those are the proteins I mentioned that it’s specialized to bind with things that have the characteristics they are looking for. It’s like a guy walking around with a key trying to find the lock that fits. Each one of those lectins has found in foods, GMO foods in particular they have the ability to grab onto things, to open their locks. Thousands of them, they’re finding more all the time and that’s their job actually to bind with things.

Nucleic acids, the actual genetic material of the organisms we eat. Unless you’re eating spoonful of salt. Everything you eat has DNA in it, it came from a living creature by definition there is some DNA in it. A, B, C and D for the rest of this hand our t purposes here those  are just generically labelled  alien  portions, the 480 amino acids that we don’t use.  All of these a colloids, lectins and other creature generic material. Alien proteins what our protection? Structurally that would be this thin bio fill, one layer of cells and every possible opening. The little cyanides, teeny tiny circulatory vessels inside you vessels and kidneys and that kind of thing. Between the fluid that circulates and the rest of your soft tissues there is the teeny, think layer called the mono layer or if you happen to google it you would look for endothelium. Structurally you have the mono layer, chemically enzymes. These are enzymes that when they find creeps that got through those junctions or damage unction they try to break them down to digest them. Two major types CYP this crocus P450 of enzymes.   We have lots P450 genes actually multiples. The average human being have 57 aren’t P450 genes I charge of producing these enzymes. W why do we need 57 genes because we need lots of CYP. In an individual human cell k in your body 75% of all the chemical antibody going on in that cell is detoxed by a CYP enzyme.

3/4 this of the chemical activity all of the changes  going on  inside of one cell and you have en trillion od then , 3/4ths  of them is to get rid food dangerous thing , alkaloids primarily. That’s what the CYP enzymes are designs to deal with. FMO that’s   flavone Mono Oxygenise.  The CYPs are mono oxygenise too.  In case the word mono oxygenise bother you that’s just means an enzymes that adds a little bit oxygen, a single oxygen atom to whatever has come in. this is your body actual level of protection enzymes that burn up dangerous chemicals. They oxidize them. What does oxidize mean? It means add oxygen to something .when you through a log onto fire combustion is our name for fast oxygen. This is you. Your body literally burns off bad alkaloids. With the help of these enzymes what brings oxygen one atom at a time.

Audience: I understand there is anti-oxidant   enzyme systems and one of them is glycine and one of them peroxidise. I also understand that glycine is part of the molecular formula of skin. Do you think that interferes with <inaudible>?

John:  he was asking if the structural presence of the amino acid called glycine in the herbicide, glyphosate interferes with our normal protection against that kind of thing.  That would be a question nobody has   tried to answer yet. my assumption would be no just simply because one of the major problems  with glyphosate  is that it’s such a   complicated  structure we dot metabolize it very  well so we  never  get the glycine that inside of  it. It shouldn’t be an issue.

Part 2b is about mono oxygenises of those two types CYP and FMO as mentioned flavone mono oxygenise. You may recognise that flavone part there. That vitamin b two riboflavin. does that imply  that the more riboflavin you have  functioning in your system the more FMO  activity  you will have , the more protection  you  will have against alkaloids, absolutely .   Those two types   and actually there are many within the sites there are your bodies major enzyme medic burners of dangerous chemicals the kind that GMO foods are so food at delivering.

Going on to part to b two matching in antibodies. I hope you all have heard about antibodies. In a slightly more technical; worked they are called amino globulins. We have 5 different types of amino globulins A, d G, and M. the good news for you is that amino globulins  a is your major antibody . It’s about 80% of all of them volume wise. You get massive amounts of IG and a little bit of the others. What is IG aimed at?  specialty its aimed are alkaloids and lectins that you  might consume  of your bodies massive reduction of amino globulins  A most  of it so going to be in you respitory tract and you digestive tract probably 3/4ths of all of your  IGA antibodies are in your  stomach , lungs and intestines. The good news is we actually have identified a food that’s seriously boost your body’s ability to specially boost you body’s ability to produce IGA and that a no GM food. If you check carefully you will see that’s it specifically non GMO. Universal red stars have been making nutritional yeast for hundreds of years and they have a good thing going. They realise they do not want to tamper with if it’s not GMO.

B3 in section two. Nucleases tells you exactly what they’re those are enzymes that break down nucleate acids. What do I mean nucleate acids? That the NA in DNA and RNA. genetic  material that’s  literally nucleic  acids , you’re body creates all kinds of  enzymes  at every level , every individual cell in you creates nucleases , you digestive retract   and  your pancreas manufacture major quantities of nucleases especially the breakdown of  anything useful.

Moving on to part 3, what exactly is the mono layer? I hope you considered my definition so far our description is reasonably good but I put it on the hand out for you. What exactly is your mono later? in most older text it will be  called you endothelium , it’s   that single  layer of cells that lines everything , every  tinny little passage way, you’re interfaces between the outer  world and the actual  tissues .

The fourth part, that’s the horrible stuff. What happens if your mono layer breaks down? those   four undesirables that are listed at the top of the page getting unchanged, a fresh pee in your lungs ,  unaltered genetic material  that can  then try to turn you in it or unaltered protein  that can then definitely disrupt you hormone balances  , change the way your enzymes work.  That’s what you feel and those are the most common symptoms. I was going to include   but ran out of space, there was an  interest  experiment just a  few years ago Reece’s  monkeys  being fed GMO foods ,  developed hair in their  mouths but  that not a common symptom so  I didn’t put it on  there.

Audience: john, does pretty frequent abdominal pain after eating   that’s indication of…

John: probably 4/5 canvas are related to something like this.

Audience: and eating red star   year use will help build up antibodies that can well this?

John: absolutely. I’m not hyping this particular substance but I want to say this is immune boosting   , digestive reproducing, stomach lining, and healing substance. It’s extracted from yeast called sarcomeres Serbia. . Ring any bells? That’s nutritional yeast. Sarcomeres Serbia is the same  organism used to make nutritional  yeast brewer’s yeast , beakers yeast , brewing  yeast , wine  making  yeast , ambush  but as you know the beer  industry  is under intense pressure  to succeed commercially so  does that mean the  sarcomeres Serbia used to produce beer is not GMO? Absolute no chance. They have been tinkering with these brewing yeast for a long time. If you drink any beer at all you can pretty much assume its GMO yeast used to make it.

Audience: even the older beers from the brew?

John: You would have to go to one of the really traditional types form European countries and would till probably have to be a niche brewery but we’re not here to talk bailout the brewery.

Audience: Will there fermented foods also behave in a similar way for the modelling

John:  Absolutely. At this point you’re talking about D at the top of the back of the hand-out.

Audience: What about the gluttony in oats?

John: as far as I know there isn’t actually a glutton n oats. the reason why there is a “warning may contain glutton “on package of oats  typically is that the oats have been processed through the same  mills where the wheat have been processed and  may have picked up some  glutton from that but I don’t know of  an actual  glutton protein in oats .

The fourth part was how will you feel if alien proteins starts sneaking through your damaged mono layer? These are the most typical, no hair in the mouth I promise. Look at H, hives, examel, all kids of skin issues, berating populism. Contracted airways, wheezing, something I suffered from for decades until I learn how to stay away from GMO foods, wheat and things like that.  dizziness and  dissertation , we ever  have  that but as you  fail to improve the strength of  your mono layer and  those junctions are damaged more and more things will get thorough  that will give you those physical reactions . They will steal hormones right out of your blood stream and over time despite the miraculous faction of your body you’re going to develop some serious things. We just call it degenerative diseases which partly implies that we don’t understand how its happening except this is it. As Alicia mentioned earlier.

As they’re normal diet will diver themselves and go eat a little bit of dirt, clay or sand from the river bank. The assumption in biology is that they do that specifically because there   is something about that inmate material that will help them digest or ill offset some of those effects. Those are effects that we are going to talk about later and they are on the hand out too.  What it comes down to is just like us wild animals have to protect themselves. In this case they are protecting themselves from the normal foods that they eat. Why do they have to do that? That’s because vegetation of all types, stationary, tries to protect isle f form being chewed up. The predators that takes advantage of plant growth that can’t run away. We’re talking moulds and bacteria and things with teeth like us. There are three classes of self-defences, chemical self-defences that all plants generate. These are all self-defined compounds   if you need to google this their called anti herbivore chemicals. There are those that contain nitrogen which will usually be either an animal group or actually cyanide which is a very molecule. Then they are steroids and phenolic. All three of these contain chemical s that we eat every day, every meal and many of them are good for us in small quantities. Typhoid  and phenolic  are some of the magical ingredients  in  donor  herbs but more  of the magical  ingredients in the dismal herbs are  actually called alkaloids which  are in these categories and  we’re going to the  into the  alkaloids  in some decent depth  but accolades in general  , these self-defence compounds  that plants create whether they  are GMO or not  a quick list of some  of their effects   I =if they get in they will alter  some membrane integrity , cause  cells to leak or to collapse, they will change  n ever  impulse transmissions , inhibit or activate enzymes, inhibit the breakdown or formation of carbohydrates  or fat  reserves  and even stifle normal synthesis  of proteins or crucial  DNA  repair because they have this ability to bind  with nucleate acids that already in your DNA so that those biological agents can’t do any work .

You already know most of these alkaloids by name. So far moderns science is unidentified by name a least 12 000 but you know some of the major ones.  you  might know atropine but in sure you no codeine , l morphine ,  strychnine, cloning, nicotine , caffeine  and a few that you consume but you probably don’t know their names the bromine, theophylline, finafilamine  those are all in  chocolate .  Mata tine which is the version of caffeine that shows up in your <inaudible> they’re all out there. Plants are predisposed to generate these kinds of alkaloids. when they’re are GMO plants the alkaloids  they create are a) worse , b) brand new and c) even more  complicated structurally than the ones that  are already there life caffeine and nicotine.

The reason I brought up alkaloids, these self-defined chemical that plants create is theta over the last 65 years 99% of the antibiotics patented in the United States have actually been drugs that doctors will give you if you have some interesting problems. 99% of the antibiotics  created in  the last 65 years  are simply versions of these  tiny chemicals that plants create to protect themselves  for bacteria, bacteria  used to kill other bacteria, plants use to discourage  redactors like  us, these alkaloids  will generally people things like stomach ache or  fertility problems. Three weeks ago   the online issue of Paediatrics   had a report initial Childhood Antibiotic Use Linked to Inflammatory Bowel Disease, total breakdown of this layer. This came from an association in hospitals in universities in Seattle.  A meta-analysis means that they took a bunch of tether studies and looked for common patterns. In this case they evaluated more than a million children who have been followed wince 1990. Did they use antibiotics? What was their health later on? J on average they found that   risk of irritable bowel disease doubled for anybody who would use nit biotic as a child. Antibiotic, alkali same thing.

This is why in trying to acquaint you with this particular structural part of your body, your penal bubble.  Most important point to hold on to here is that any DNA that is not yours is dangerous. It will try to turn you into more of what carried it and GMO DNA is even works, even more potent in that court. the simple  fact that DNA   from any source is  dangerous actually means that even when  you do something  simple and pleasurable  like kissing you sweeting and you exchange a little bit fi  DNA in those fluids  there e. if you weren’t able to protect yourself from that DNA  , that’s not self DNA  it would cause problems .our  life long difficulty , especially these days is mono layer damage ,  really thin later , one cell. Our personal bubble of burst and the deal now I s how to protect your intestinal integrity.

What is this? Pretend it’s an aerial snapshot of your mono layer. the right pentagons or the blue  borders these are nearly functioning mono  layer cells , you  endothelium doing exactly  what they ‘re supposed to do . They don’t allays fit really tightly together. The spaces between them are called junctions. You personally rely on tight junctions, in order to fill these junctions there are many gooey s, sticky proteins that your body creates. Some of them are called zolins, some are called integrin, catherance. Their entire job is to   make sure that these junctions don’t let stuff through. If they get damaged  by GMO foods for example and open up then you get these red  spots where there is  some kind of inaction  or peening  or things can get right through  your mono layer , undigested , un altered, it gets right into your blood stream and start wreaking havoc. At least damaged but very possibly trying to convert you into whatever the source of that DNA was.

These particular junction proteins the Zonal ends and that kind of thing we have blood test for them. If you perennially had a blood test for zonal ends and it showed you zonal level was high that means particularly that you have damage in here and your body is trying to produce the things that    will repair the damage. You don’t want to have a lot zonal cumulating in your blood stream, but we have test for that. They have run tests looking for intestinal layer damage, mono layer damage in accident victims, and its part of the autopsy. Right now the current estimate is for Americans over the age of 29, 90% of them have damaged mono layer, dysfunctional, damaged mono layer with junctions that are no longer tight.

Audience: so this is the door way to inflation?

John: absolutely. It’s the door way to every degenerative disease you can imagine.

Audience: and all chronic diseases come about as a result of the destruction of the mono layer.

John: absolutely .Some of the mechanics, the biochemistry to that we’re going to get to. It’s why I put these interesting acronyms on the board too. I hoped that you are impressed that the actual genetic materials of other creatures whether their microscopic or big actually might be quite dangerous. In order to understand the dangers of this alien genetic material I hope very quick description of which genetic material actually does. I hope you know we have 46 chromosomes, each of us have 23 from mom and 23   from dad.  On those chromosomes are genes that at this point we think we have 22, 333 genes, human genes. They all have names, some of which appear down here. The genes themselves are the structures themselves that contain the double helix that we call DN so what does DNA actually do? It’s primary, possibly only biological function, DNA triggers the creation of R and A which then triggers the creation of amino acids which then assemble into proteins. All off your genes are in changer f manufacturing proteins, the proteins that become you and   do all the interning things you need them to do. in CSI , if someone  had a sample  of CSI typed  context, if someone had a sample of   a few of your proteins they can work backwards and determine information bout  your particular DNA set, your personal genome ,  just by knowing how those proteins are . Each one of us have a distinct genome. As mentioned some of their names are interning antes you can tell, scientist in many cases do have senses of humour. Sonic the hedgehog is a human gene, there’s MTHFR, that’s not an abbreviated horrible word that is methyl tetra hydrate folate reductive. It’s an enzyme involved how your body metabolises one of the b vitamins.  what we’re  talking about today in terms of  protecting you and maintain the strength  of your mono layer actually is the P450 but this s  enough for now unless  someone e  has a specific question about chromosome and  genes. Just explaining that any DNA, your personal DNA or the DNA in the food you eat all that it’s in charge of is making proteins.

In someone like a victim of Down syndrome that individual actually has an extra choose number 21. What does that mean? it means that there  is a an extra set  of the  particular genes on that chromosome , roughly   thousands  of them and then they  will be producing proteins  but they’re  extra need superglues  proteins that is just going to  get in the way . Like leaves in a gutter they’re going to pile up and block the normal flow. That creates   everything we see in downs syndrome difficulties or Williams syndrome which is a slightly  different  situation and it ends up with people  who have many of same physical characteristics in Williams  syndrome they are actually missing 25 genes .  Those missing proteins   don’t deal with other proteins and those proteins get in the way. Like I said every gene has a name or number. What happens when alien proteins pass undigested through your mono layer? Whether it’s the monolayer in your lungs or even in your windpipe or your digestive systems? There is    a list of their facts on hand out.

One infinity  test <inaudible> thin layer of cells , happy to keep you alive  but they dont live very long , they turn over very rapidly because  they’re expose to every nasty thing in your life. Whether it’s the mono layer in your nostrils or your ears. every  tiny passage way in your body has this  very thin fragile layer of cells we call the mono layer and these re the  things that put you in constant  contact with the outside world  which are low preloaded with little nasty  creatures that would want to   change us  salmonella , segues, stevia, <inaudible> , the list goes  on and on .  Viruses, bacteria, moulds, the air we breathe, foods that is created form some of these things. As theses junction deteriorate things can go really seriously bad.  Part of it is what gets through those black and red paces when these junctions are damaged try just two far open. What gets through will be things called lectins. These are proteins that plants cereal to do inserting metabolic things for them. These proteins are specially designed to bind onto other molecules that exactly the right characteristics, exactly the right surface markers. The horrible part is that many plant lectins, particularly GMO plants are designs to attach themselves to molecules just like these. What are these? Follicle stimulating hormone? Luteinizing hormone? Those two are totally involved in  for example your personal balance of   sex hormones, testosterones, oestrogens , your ability to  grow hair  and  maintain good muscle tone and  be fertile .  As you’re junction deteriorate and lectins as into your blood stream and lime opt and they actually grab unto those hormones that are circulating in your system, tearing to do your important things you will over time suffer a loss of this function because those junction in your noon layer weren’t healthy enough to keep out these little pirates coming in and ripping off your hormone levels.  Other hormones that are affected  directly by the presence of things that  creep through open  junction , EPO,  if you have been following lance Armstrong  problem  this saws  his issue. He was talking this artificially because what it does specifically is improve your red blood cell giving you more strength and endurance. For the rest us who aren’t injecting it do we need   lots of EPO? Yes from birth to death. This is what build new   blood, <inaudible> and if the mono layer is not functional things will get through that will literally steal the EPO form your blood stream. The same with HGC and TSH. Anyone where with thyroid   issue? This is s your thyroid stimulating hormone.  Does this mean that as your mono layer decorates you are more likely to suffer a decline in thyroid function? Yes.

John: The topic today is   how can you protect yourself from evil food and very few of you will be familiar with this particular language. There’s going to be a lot of bio chemistry, I hope I translate them into words that are familiar to you as we go among but this is what it’s going to come down to. I’ve been carrying this book around for 14 years. It’s about generic engineered foods, it has a great quite in here that I translated into my presentation plan. I think you will like this. “You can right now dine in a swanky Italian restaurant on a fine meal of roast eggplant followed by polenta and tomato sauce and then salmon served over risotto followed by fruit salad. yet every  item including the olive oil, the peppers and the  horse radish  sauce is likely top  have been  genetically engineered .” that comment  was written in 1997 by a reporter in London talking about the local food scene. There is plenty good news and bad news about this food. I suppose that seem of the bad is that we have all been eating GMO foods for at least 15 years. The sort of good news is we’re still here. More bad news is according to the National Grossers Association at least 80% of the foods consumed in the united states of 2005 was at least partly GMO. Many years, at least 80%.

More sort of good news we’re not dead or ill, we just feel crummy.  The fact that we don’t feel really bad that really comes down to the miraculous of the human body and that the kind of thing I’m going to get into today. The psychological reactions that your body has to stage foods.  as you can  tell I put  together  a lot of props to  help me get this across.

Some of you may have seen , this is an actual  photograph of one of the rats  used in one of the fence  experiment s  that were recently publicized where they fed Monsanto round up corn to the rats and I don’t  know if this will be totally visible t but there are  some really giant tumours on this rat. To be scientifically valid I have to tell you that this is really not what you think.  That particular study had some sparingly good and bad aspects. the  first thing about it was that before these particular scientist running   this experiment in France  released their information they made every journalist who asked for  early information to signal an NDA , non-disclosure  agreement . As of today those authors of the study have refused to resale   all of their info, about 80% of their research data are still hidden away.  In this particular study there were only 10 rats.  The rests themselves were of a particular strain called sprigged dolly rats. Sprigged dolly rats are infect artificial rats that have been bred to develop cancer. 98% of sprigged dolly rats develop cancer before they die sometimes during their lifetime.

In this case a very small sample 10 rats, no control rats. in this study 5 of the  10 rats developed this  Ki doff grotesque problem and I  don’t know if you followed  me all the way through  that but what that means   could actually say that their GNO corn  radioed the cancer risk from 98% to 50% . That’s not a plus for the good side.    there is really little  doubt that GMO  food is bad , there is  tons  of evidence of how its destroying the environment, public water supplies, the ocean  you name  it . All these nasty genes and chemicals then percolate into every other part of the world via air, water you name it.  In the context    of all the other health destroyers out there in 2012 is GMO food really that bobbed? we already  have arsenic in brown rice , biphenyl in baby bottles, coincide  in every meal, amoeba  is in our  tap  water , mercury implants  in our teeth, GPS chips in our hips .

Are these Franken foods really that bad? Yes they are. Pretty much in every possible way and the specific reasons for   not acting them you’re going to hear them and lucky you, you don’t have to take   too many news. I just jammed incredibly nuts of information into the hand out which I hope I get to cover. Despite knowing all these horrible things about GMO food, the federal investment since 1995, our friendly federal government has refused to release or require any info a bout which foods are actually GMO. We can’t walk into a store and find them clearly labelled. Californian prop 37 is at a step in the right direction, it has some interning problems to it. The weird GMO rats, these are startling but you u may as well accept the fact that we are all already GMO.

According to t the best evaluation of the human genome, this was Danish research published in 2004 about 8% of the human genome is actually viral but it didn’t happen recently. These were stable pro virus structure and retro transposing elements that we incorporated from viral infections or at least your ancestors did, dome time before 25 million years ago. The weird part is those viral genes re still part of us. An additional problem is the DNA. Once it’s created by a living creature and then in turn creates a living creature is essentially immortal. when a creature dies  its  DNA does not  just fall apart and  lose its ability  to change creatures , control how they develop , how they survive . As far as we know DNA does not effectively degrade to the point where it’s absolutely biologically useless for 6.8 million years those calculations have been made.  one of the  most famous palaeontologist  in the world  within the last couple of  years  actually find  tyrannosaurus  red bones with soft tissues attach . Does it mean the DNA can be recovered from that old soft tissues? We’re talking 65 million yard old tissue, possibly.  DNA is effectively immortal.

I think you all met this particular gentleman and what his plans are. He intends to walk on stage with one of these on a leash. His name is Jack Horner and he was pretty much the personal inspiration for the Jurassic Park movies.   He is right now in Mongolia doing research on whatever dinosaur bones he can find there but this is what genetic engineering is based on.  If you find DNA that hasn’t full degraded yet, don’ts matter if its niche soil or in dinosaur bones.  If it’s not fully degraded it can be transformed into living creatures now and it will alter their structures.

Some of you probably remember total icons of American literature. Remember the transmogrified, where Calvin could put whatever he wanted in his magic cardboard box, press the button and get another one? That’s what DNA does.   DNA’s jobs is to make more of itself and it used creatures as the vehicles for that reproduction. What that means is basically there is all kind soft genetic transfers going on all that time because DNA just wants to become more and more powerful until it can eat the universe.  DNA on the surface of the earth really wants to turn the entire surface of the earth into more of it. The bacteria in your teacup   right now are bumping together exchanging genes, trying to develop a more powerful DNA set. I can give you two vide examples of DNA trying to turn creatures into more o itself or its particular vehicle.

A few years ago in Chicago there was man who was shelling peas or something at his kitchen table.  He accidentally had a little coffee or seeing fit and then he swallowed a pea. Couple months later her needed to have a pea plant surgically removed from his lungs. DNA if it’s viable it will grow if the situation is right.  It wasn’t a green pea plant, there was no sunshine obviously but it was taking full advantage of the nutrients is system provided.

Another example of DNA, have you ever had the flu? Aches and pains all the rest of that stuff that’s you being genetically modified by the virus. How do we stop other for genetically engineering us anytime they want? Whether there are the things we call germs or these tiny corporatism that act like evil germs.  It takes a really good mono layer.  The thing you haven’t heard explained yet.   some if  you may remember the boy in the bubble, this kid who had no functional  immune system so he basically had to be kept in a  large plats ice bubble to protect form every  possible  virus, bacteria , mould  , spore eats, all these things that are in our air  because he had no functioning immune system . Each of us actually have the equivalent of that bubbly. It’s just shrunken down and internalized. Just like his plastic bubble us really thin. Its one cell, how thick is this particular layer? Most of you have pieces of paper there just rub a piece of paper between a   couples of fingers. That’s would be the equivalent of 20 of those, you’re personal plastic bubble protecting you form any evil influence out there.

This is one cell between you and disaster and it’s not just in your digestion system. this  is the Molinari, the  tiny cells, one  cell thick  in  every possible passage way insist  of you , inside your live and  kidneys , your heart , your  lung s. it’s called the endothelium if you look at older  sources. These words will be on the hand-out but this delicate Molinari is one cell thick. If so we hope constantly filtering selecting which things get in, which things don’t. If you want to visualize a windscreen with those little tiny holes ion it it’s as if it’s one of those tin screen but each one of those holes is an active living cell doing exactly what up want it to do. It’s not just a passage way. You’re basic self-defences is to have a very potent efficient minibar. What does that mean? Obviously that means powerful digestion at that cellular level. That’s what that monolayer cells are supposed to do. If anything gets too close they’re supposed to break it down. That’s the digestive process.

If you don’t already have a healthy monolayer   are you in big trouble? Yes. Can you change it back, yes? And that’s really what we are going to get to later on. Like I said this information intensive hand-out that you’re going to have. Obviously right now a lot of people do not have a healthy monolayer   and in going to give just a few stats on that. For example as of 2000, roughly 2/3 of all doctor visits in the US related stomach or digestive issues. When unpleasant things gets past the monolayer and start wreaking havoc one of the effects is stoke. Stroke now are occurring at all kinds of age levels where they near really did before.  In the last 20 years stroke risk for young Americans there would be 20-50 has just about doubled.   Know its roughly 1 person in a thousand in that age group and Americans as young as 8 have died of stroke in the last few years. This might sound irrelevant but it isn’t. This is a report released 3 weeks ago by the nationwide health care cost and utilization project ” the numbers that people hospitalize for unspecified eating disorders that means not anorexia or bulimia and for pica are rising rapidly although the people affected most often are women and children the rate is rising fattest for adult males. ” strange eating disorders the doctors cannot easily label and PICA.  Strange eating disorders have gone up by 56% in the last 10years, PICA have gone 95% in the last 10 years. What exactly is PICA? compulsive ingestion of things  normally considered  no edible primarily  clay ,  dirt , coal, hair , paper , fences . The weird thing is wild animals do have what we would consider   a form of PICA and I’m not just talking about hens picking up gavel, many wild animals including parrots and other birds.

graham: yes you’re right it’s a metal but I’m trying to give a  general public lecture here so I have to generalize  a lot . Metallic mercury is possibly a hazard to us if you ingest it. Some of you know that metallic mercury was used in the medical industry to cure constipation. The techniques involved taking a draft of metallic mercury sitting on a commode and the blockage was cleared.  it’s not as  bad as all that l if people I could do  that and survive with no apparent ill effects  then  it can’t be deadly as  all that but it is true that there is a lot of concern these  days about  a type  of bacteria in about guts call sulphate  reducers. Perhaps at any given time as many as 50% goof we might have sulphate reducers in our guts. What sulphate reducers can do is they can take the mercuric mercury or the forms of mercury that are organic salts and elemental mercury and they can turn them into the neuro toxic methyl mercury spaces   that we know are deadly.  It’s recently been found that these sulphate reducers can do that and whether or not they actually do that in our guys we don’t know that an unknown.

Audience: what about the mercury content of wild salmon?

Graham: wild salmon aren’t particularly high on mercury compared to things like salt fish and tuna. I don’t know how much we should worry about eating fish because as you heard the data that the guilds that the data is bead on is ambiguous. I am content to eating wild salmon myself but I’ve stopped eating salt fish and shark

audience that actually was my second  question  but my first questions do you have  any information as to how  much of the mythl mercury in the fish is humanly  introduced in the last  century or so  and  how much   of it is naturally reoccurring?

graham: I don’t have direct information on that but my direct understanding is mercury has been in  Iran for very many years and  some of it from our  activity , form human being introducing  mercury into he environment , most of it was there all along . It’s been there a very long time.

Audience: it looked like you spectrum showed not only methyl mercury system but methyl mercury chloride?

Graham:  there is no methyl mercury chloride there. We didn’t find it there e.  Those were things we checked in examples.

Audience it wasn’t clear which one was the data

Graham: the little dots were the data.

Audience: why is there a higher reports of mercury in farm `fish?

Graham: there isn’t, its lower. The concern with farm fish is too do with PCB and other toxins.  We run a piece of fish we can always tell which one is the farm one. The vendor may say this is wild court which of course s more expensive, we’ll know. The mercury is really low in the farm one.

Audience: you spoke about <inaudible>

Graham: this is a very touchy subject. I didn’t want to really elaborate on it too much. a few years ago  it was suggested  primrose which is a compound  ,  its methyl mercury they soliciolite,  it was introduced in vaccines in the 1930s   it’s been there a long time and it was  introduce as a bacteria  side  and a fungus side.  They put it in little bottles of vaccines that many needles go into. Something like your flu shots. Many needles go into that big bottle and they want something in there to prevent any accidental infections that might be introduce. It should be sterol but of course it’s never perfect form growing. You don’t want to introduce a culture of some miscellaneous bacteria into someone’s bloodstream. They put this stuff in there to stop bacteria and fungi growing in vaccines. The controversy is all about the use in childhood vaccines its being discontinues in third country as   mentioned. It been discontinues in many civilized country. in  act two weeks ago I was in  the paper in the united  kingdom because it  had just  been discontinued in the united kingdom and  do the daily telegraph and mail a couple of others carried this  story and   it’s a big deal .

The medical establishment is firms of the opinion   that priomerocel is not a problem. Here’s what I think. I think its crazy stuff to have in vaccine. It   was introduced in the 1930s, we know its neuro toxic why on earth   are we putting a Nero toxic thing in a vaccine to begin with. this is a  arcaake molecule that  should  get approve thse days   that’s my personal opinion and I’m going a bit  out on a lab. I don’t know whether or not that it cause s autism. I don’t know whether it causes ill effects in anybody and I don’t know that anyone knows for sure either. There was a recent study from Colonel that showed that some of the symptoms   of autism occurred when mice of a particular strain and it was a strain dependent thing that was given primprcel. strange things happen with  autism , there is social isolation , also autistic children brain tend to be a title  larger, the mice had larger  brains , they showed isolation like symptoms so this study perhaps was the first compelling  evidence that I know of . It was published in a journal called Molecular Psychiatry. There is no form tie between mercury and autism. I think we might as well get rid of it. If we understood how mercury was bound in the brain we might be able to design a custom collator to get rid of it. That’s kind of farfetched but you never know.

Audience: you said that <inaudible> in their diet when they’re taking supplement pills?

Graham:  why? Selenium has been linked in a good way with the incident of prostate cancer in men. Basically it’s a study that used cyelulizzed yeast which is yeast that has been grown up in a background f selenium. They use selenium yeast because they can smell the selenium compounds, the difference between the placebos when our compounds were used but when they used something a bit stinky like yeast they couldn’t smell it. they use this yeast and they  used regular yeast and they  use  regular yeast and they gave them pills made  of the solemnized yeast  and there was an unexpected  and really striking beneficial effect . The incidents of prostate cancer was really reduced in the group that had the selenium and since then people all over the place have been taking it, it’s advised. It’s a good idea to take selenium but I would caution you that not every selenium supplements contain the same thing. We’ve looked at bottles of selenium suppliants on the shelf from health food stores m even the same vendors with same batches they have remarkably different compositions. Who knows whether they are helping or not.

Audience: the study was done with yeast and we know how yeast changes the retinal fluoride to get you’re <inaudible>

Graham: the yeast will probably be killed by the acids into the ` stomach, it won’t change the intestinal flora.  It’s not going to survive your stomach.

Audience: I was told that when we’re going to through menopause we should take aluminium. started taking it and I  didn’t  really prepare  for it but then when I started alternating  it  and not  taking it every day it does seem to have some  physical  affect

Graham: you might try a different   form. One form you could try is too take a brazil nut every day. Brazil nuts come in two varieties, those with shells and those without shells on. Those with shells on they are harvested from the wild and we know what they contain, they contain   a form of Selene called Selina methionine and its very pure. They’re an awful lot of it.  the ones with shells on they are harvested form the  wild from trees , brazil nut trees are about   50 feet high and the brazil buts are packed in little elements  into  this  great big  grapefruit sized thing , it would probably kill you if it landed on your head .  They go and they pick these things up and they crack them all open and in the parts of Brazil that actually have the technology to remove the shells there is no negligible selenium in the soil. those sell brazil nuts don’t   contain much selenium but if you have tome ones   with the shells on they come from different part of brazil and it’s a good job they don’t have the technology to remove the shells because if you eat a lot of them like you would do perhaps if you didn’t have to crack the shell off then you would probably get pinioned.  They one shell of Brazil nut per day.  It’s good for us, all of us need it.

Audience: what about pumpkin seeds?

Graham: I would imagine it would depend on where the pumpkin is grown. Ii don’t know anything about the form of selenium in pumpkin seeds but I bet you your garden night be quite different than half moon bay.

Audience: it’s my understanding that mercury will appear to organs how will you test if you suspected some kind of mercury.

Graham: I don’t know about that. What it will do is it will get into your blood stream and it will find itself in your metabolism. Not much is none about its molecular form inside us in its nervous system. The experiments that needs to be done are to take pieces of tissues and put them in the x-ray bean and understand them. What we’re going to be doing I hope is to get pieces of people, samples of people who naturally have a lot of mercury in their bodies I. I hope we would be able to do those experiments in due course. Hopefully I understand hats going on.  Also sample of brains of people who have died in road accidents and things like that.

Audience: can Brazilian nuts be beneficial to the prostate and if so where would you put them?

Graham: you would put them in your mouth chew tem up and swallow them.

Audience: is it wise to do analysis of near toxin affects afar finding one who is infected?   Couldn’t one work backwards doing animal studies? Is this exposure so rare that it shouldn’t be worth the trouble?

Graham: I think it’s worth understanding because it will give us a clue as to how methyl mercury poison us when we eat too much methyl mercury in fish. It’s certainly worth studying. most of us here probably eaten fish at  one time or  another . I love fish, I eat maybe two meals per week.  In the say shells they eat two meals per day so they eat more than I do.  We will need to expand the study to try understand where it gives there’s a lot to do. What I did mention right at the end this is only something that has recently ben doable. We haven’t always been bale t these experiments. We basically had a threefold or thousand fold increase into few years we have been doing these experiments

Audience: are you aware of people investigating commercial applications of things like selulized yeast?

Graham: there is certainly a lot of commercial selulized yeast. Tons of different health food companies make the stuff but they seem to vary widely in hats in them. Most of the selenium in many of the samples we have looked at tends to be alpha elemental selenium which is the red form. That’s bio unavailable it will pass straight through you without doing you jolly good. I reckon that you should eat Brazil nuts.

Audience: one of the main things that I come to these is the face that we have free cookies outside. I’m anxious to get them. Could I eat and introduce many as I can. Graham I’m sure would be delighted to continue to answer questions and in fact we have other scientist who are out there you can recognise them because they have their names stick not their chest. If you would like to continue please go outside we can have a soft drink but before that let’s thank graham for a fantastic job